Contents
1. Nouns and Case Marking
1.1. Pronouns and Honorifics
In Srianese, all pronouns used among Srians denote some degree of kinship and have both neutral and honorific forms, the latter derived through the honorific suffix -jen ⟨-gyang⟩. The honorific form is used exclusively in reference to Srians who have achieved death. When referring to mortals or inanimate objects, a separate pronoun exists. There also exists a neutral first person pronoun, but it is only used in writing or when talking in a derogatory or disrespectful manner. The following chart lists all Srianese pronouns, their honorific forms, and their original kinship meaning:
| Kinship | Neutral | Honorific |
| "younger sister" | lu ⟨no⟩ | lujen ⟨no-gyang⟩ |
| "older sister" | 'in ⟨'jing⟩ | 'injen ⟨'jing-gyang⟩ |
| "(grand)daughter/niece" | son ⟨htjan⟩ | sonjen ⟨htjan-gyang⟩ |
| "mother" | lo ⟨ma⟩ | lojen ⟨ma-gyang⟩ |
| "younger aunt" | ry ⟨nyo⟩ | ryjen ⟨nyo-gyang⟩ |
| "older aunt" | 'yu ⟨'yo⟩ | 'yujen ⟨'yo-gyang⟩ |
| "grandmother/great aunt" | t'e ⟨'pe⟩ | t'ejen ⟨'pe-gyang⟩ |
| inanimate/mortal | zo ⟨hpwa⟩ | - |
| neutral first person | jo ⟨ga⟩ | - |
1.2. Case Suffixes and Agency Hierarchy
There are eight case endings in Srianese, each with a neutral and respectful form, the latter used when speaking to someone of a higher social status. The following table lists all the case marking suffixes and their respectful forms:
| Case | Neutral Suffix | Respectful Suffix |
| Agentive* | ||
| Patientive* | ||
| Possessive | ||
| Locative | ||
| Allative | ||
| Ablative | ||
| Comitative | ||
| Instrumental |
It is important to note that, how the agentive and patientive case markings are used is dependent on the semantics of the noun and where it falls on an “agency hierarchy.” The closer the noun is to the Srians and what they perceive as “divine,” the more agency it is given, while the further away the noun is from the Srians, the less agency it is given. This affects exactly what gets marked in a sentence and how it is marked. This “Agency Hierarchy” can be split into three groups and roughly correlates to the following:
(More Agency) Srians, Sacred Animals > Mortals, Other Animals > Inanimates (Less Agency)
The first group of the highest agency is referred to as “cold animates” and the middle group is referred to as “warm animates.” Cold animates always must have the patientive suffix when in the patientive role, and are never marked with the agentive suffix as the agentive role is usually implied. Conversely, inanimates, are never explicitly marked with the patientive suffix but always marked with the agentive suffix. And, lastly, warm animates are never marked for either. This marking system using the agentive and patientive suffixes only applies to animate nouns when the two arguments in question are not from the same hierarchy group. If the two arguments are from the same group, then the ablative and allative suffixes are used, the former marking the agent and the latter marking the patient. Lastly and exceptionally, when using a pronoun to refer to oneself, the agentive suffix can be used or the patientive suffix dropped, both as a form of humbling. The table below summarizes what is marked when combining arguments from the different hierarchy groups:
| Patient | ||||
| Cold | Warm | Inanimate | ||
| Agent | Cold | Ablative-Allative | Null-Null | Null-Null |
| Warm | Null-Patientive | Ablative-Allative | Null-Null | |
| Inanimate | Agentive-Patientive | Agentive-Null | Agentive-Null | |
2. Verbs and Adjectives
2.1. Tense, Aspect, Voice, and Valency
Srianese has many suffixes, most of which are derived from common verbs and used to mark tense and aspect on verbs. The most common of these are shown in the following table and further explained below:
| Verb/Suffix | Contentual Meaning | Functional Meaning |
| se ⟨htje⟩ | - | present, past tense |
| zyn ⟨htung⟩ | to suffer | progressive, active |
| 'e ⟨he⟩ | to die | future, optative |
| len ⟨mjan⟩ | to scar, heal (intrans) | perfective |
| rei~lei ⟨nwi⟩ | to bleed | stative, passive |
| jez ⟨gjat⟩ | to kill | benefactive |
| zan ⟨hman⟩ | to heal (trans) | causative |
(explanations)
Examples: roh ⟨njak⟩ “to eat”
rohse (njak-htje) “eats”
rohzynse (njak-htung-htje) “is eating”
rohe (njak-he) “will eat, would like to eat”
rohlanse (njak-mjan-htje) “has eaten”
rohleise (njak-nwi-htje) “is (being) eaten”
rohjasse (njak-gjat-htje) “eats for (somebody)”
rohzanse (njak-hman-htje) “makes (somebody) eat”
2.2. Negation
To negate verbs, if the past-present suffix se ⟨htje⟩ is present, then the suffix is dropped and replaced by the circumfix la…ze ⟨ma…hmje⟩. The exact placement of the prefixal la… ⟨ma…⟩ part varies when combined with compound verbs. When used with the perfective suffix len ⟨mjan⟩ the prefixal la… ⟨ma…⟩ is placed after the verb root and before the perfective suffix. When negating the future tense where the ‘e ⟨he⟩ suffix is present, the suffix is dropped and the circumfix la…le ⟨ma…me⟩ is used.