Lisadian Phonology


Consonant Phonemes

LabialDentalAlveolarVelarGlottal
Nasalmnŋ
Stopp bt dk g
Fricativef vθ ðs zh
Approximantwl̥ lj
Trillr̥ r
  • Obstruents undergo word-final devoicing.
  • Velar plosives /k, g/ surface as [h] in syllable final position.
  • Velar consonants are palatalized when followed by a front vowel.
  • Alveolar plosives /t, d/ surface as [s, z] in syllable final position.
  • /s/ is deleted in word-final position.
  • /l/ is vocalized in word-final position as [u].
  • Nasals undergo place assimilation in syllable-final positions. In word-final position, they surface as [ŋ] when preceded by a front vowel, as [m] when preceded by /u/, and elsewhere as [n].
  • [g] is inserted after /ŋ/ in intervocalic positions and /ŋ/ becomes the coda of the preceding syllable.

Vowel Phonemes

FrontBack
Highiu
Mid-Higheo
Mid-Lowɛ
Lowæɑ
  • The vowels /æ/ and /e/ can be analyzed as allophones as they occur in complementary and predictable phonetic contexts. /æ/ occurs in closed syllables or unstressed, open syllables and is often short, while /e/ occurs in stressed and word-final, open syllables and is often a long vowel.
  • /i/ is deleted in unstressed syllables through the addition of another vowel when the preceding consonant is /l/ or /r/ and following consonant is an obstruent or nasal.
  • Disyllabic /a.u/ collapse to monosyllabic [o] in a closed a syllable followed by one or more syllables.
  • The vowel /e/ and sometimes vowel /æ/ are alternatively pronounced as the diphthong [ae], especially in poetry or when using a more archaic pronunciation.

Stress and Syllable Structure

The basic syllable structure of Lisadian is C(C)V(C). The secondary onset can only be /w/ and can only occur on stressed syllables. Codas are limited to sonorants and fricatives.

Stress in Lisadian is non-phonemic, and the primary stress always falls on the third-to-last, or antepenultimate syllable. Secondary stress is usually added to every third preceding syllable.


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