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Consonant Phonemes

		Foraminal	Coronal	Dorsal	Glottal
Stop			t ⟨t⟩	k ⟨k⟩
Fricative	voiceless		s ⟨s⟩	x ⟨h⟩
	voiced		z ⟨z⟩	ɣ ⟨g⟩
Approximant		ʋ ⟨v⟩	l ⟨l⟩	j ⟨y⟩	(h)
Tap			r ⟨r⟩

• /t/ is palatalized as [ts] when followed by a high vowel, /i/ or /ɯ/.
• Stops may be aspirated at the beginning of words and may undergo intervocalic voicing.
• Word-final devoicing: voiced fricatives surface as voiceless in word-final position.

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Vowel Phonemes

	Front	Back
High	i(ː) ⟨i, ii⟩	ɯ(ː) ⟨u, uu⟩
Mid	e(ː) ⟨e, ee⟩	ɤ(ː) ⟨o, oo⟩
Low	a(ː) ⟨a, aa⟩
Diphthongs	ei, ae, ie, ea

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Vowel Harmony

	/I/	/A/	/U/	/IA/	/IA/
High	[i]	[e]	[ɯ]	[ie]	[ei]
Low	[e]	[a]	[ɤ]	[ea]	[ae]

• Classical Dryadic exhibits height-based vowel harmony. Only low vowels can occur in a word with low vowels, and only high vowels can occur in a word with high vowels.

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Ingressive Allophonic Variation

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